History of Creating and Develpoment of Armenian Scripts

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Any alphabet with its letters expressed as type designs is a cultural heritage of the people and in the course of time becomes one of the main parts of people’s psyche.
Every alphabet is beautiful in its own way and differs by inner structural logic.
It is known that the Armenian alphabet was created by Saint Mesrop Mashtots in 405-406 AD. Mashtots managed to create a perfect phonetic alphabet in which all sounds have corresponding letters.
By the way Mesrop Mashtots alongside with Armenian alphabet created also Old Georgian and Caucasian Alban’s alphabets.

Ancient Armenian typefaces until becoming monoscripts are considered to be Mesropian Erkatagir (iron letters). Those letters used to be Capitals and were written upright, sometimes slanted to the right. There existed two types of Mesropian Erkatagir: Angular Erkatagir where the heads and bases of the letters were sharp or angular and Boloredzev Erkatagir where the heads and bases of the letters were in the shape of arch. Such kind of writing was in use till XII century. In the X-XI centuries in manuscripts appear small Mesropian letters and in the XII-XIII centuries appear middle size  Mesropian Erkatagirs. Beginning from XII century are noticed so called Erkatagir manuscripts of Transition period, and later with the development of writing technologies and fast writing requirements a new kind of scripts appeared which was called Bolorgir. Alongside with the capitals Bolorgir had small letters too.

In the XVI century were created some typefaces based on Bolorgir. In manuscripts were introduced two new kinds typefaces simpler and more handwriting which existed in earlier centuries, they are Notrgir and Shghagir. Later they were also included in the collection of our typefaces and were used to highlight the words.
The development of computer technologies opened a new page in the field of creating typefaces, bringing with it a number of advantages. Currently, while designing and digitizing typefaces, we are leaning not only on the calligraphic features of the characters, but also on the peculiarities of their constructions, structures, etc. At the same time, the Unicode encoding system gives an opportunity to present several alphabet systems in one file and this is very important as it preserves the shapes and styles of the characters. A considerable number of contemporary non Latin typefaces not only imitate proportions of Latin glyphs, but also distort the graphemes of the national characters, sometimes substituting them with similar Latin characters.

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